Flicker noise in the mixer of a zero- or low-interme-diate frequency (IF) wireless receiver can compromise overall re-ceiver sensitivity. A qualitative physical model has been developedto explain the mechanisms responsible for flicker noise in mixers.The model simply explains how frequency translations take placewithin a mixer. Although developed to explain flicker noise, themodel predicts white noise as well. Simple equations are derivedto estimate the flicker and white noise at the output of a switchingactive mixer. Measurements and simulations validate the accuracyof the predictions, and the dependence of mixer noise on local os-cillator (LO) amplitude and other circuit parameters.
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