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仪表放大器应用工程师指南-第3版

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标签: 运算放大器

运算放大器

汽车电子

汽车电子

前言仪表放大器有时被错误地理解。不是所有用于仪器仪表的放大器都是仪表放大器,并且所有的仪表放大器决不只用于仪器仪表。仪表放大器用于许多领域,从电机控制到数据采集以及汽车系统。本书的目的是阐述什么是仪表放大器,它如何工作,如何使用它以及在何处使用它等基本问题。另外,本书还介绍几种不同类型的仪表放大器。

仪表放大器与运算放大器的区别是什么?仪表放大器是一种具有差分输入和相对参考端单端输出的闭环增益单元。大多数情况下,仪表放大器的两个输入端阻抗平衡并且阻值很高,典型值≥109?。其输入偏置电流也应很低,典型值为1nA~50nA。与运算放大器一样,其输出阻抗很低,在低频段通常仅有几毫欧(m?)。

运算放大器的闭环增益是由其反向输入端和输出端之间连接的外部电阻器决定。与运算放大器不同的是,仪表放大器使用与其信号输入端隔离的内部反馈电阻网络。对仪表放大器的两个差分输入端施加输入信号,其增益既可由内部预置,也可以由用户将引脚连接到内部或者外部增益电阻器而设置,该增益电阻器也与信号输入端隔离。

图1-1示出一个电桥前置放大器电路,这是一种典型的仪表放大器应用。当检测信号时,电桥电阻器的阻值改变,使电桥失去平衡并且在电桥两端产生差分电压变化。该电桥的信号输出就是这种差分电压,其直接连接到仪表放大器的输入端。此外,恒定的直流(DC)电压也施加到两输入端。通常,该直流电压通常在两输入端是相等的或是共模的。

DC电压或者两输入端的任何其它共模电压,同时放大差分信号电压,即两输入端之间的电压差。

仪表放大器应用工程师指南
第3版
www.analog.com/inamps
仪表放大器应用工程师指南
3
[美½Charles
Kitchin
Lew Counts
高光天
审译
Analog Devices , Inc.
i
All rights reserved. This publication, or parts thereof, may not be
reproduced in any form without permission of the copyright owner.
Information furnished by Analog Devices, Inc. is believed to be
accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by
Analog Devices, Inc. for its use.
Analog Devices, Inc. makes no representation that the Interconnec-
ttion of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing
or future patent rights, nor do the descriptions contained herein
imply the granting of licenses to make, use, or sell equipment
constructed in accordance therewith.
Specifications and prices are subject to change without notice.
©2006 Analog Devices, Inc. Printed in U.S.A.
G02678–15–9/06(B)
Simplified Chinese language edition by Analog Devices, Inc.
Copyright © 2007
本书中文简½专有翻译出版权由
ADI
公司所有,
未经许可
不得以任½½式或手段复制或抄袭本书内容。
ii
目½
I
章-仪表放大器的基本原理
........................................................................................................................1-1
前言.........................................................................................................................................................................1-1
仪表放大器与运算放大器的区别是什么?
.......................................................................................................1-1
信号放大与
CMR ...............................................................................................................................................1-1
运算放大器与仪表放大器的
CMR
比较
.........................................................................................................1-3
差分放大器
...........................................................................................................................................................1-5
在½处½用仪表放大器和差分放大器?.............................................................................................................1-5
数据采集
….......................................................................................................................................................1-5
医用仪器
….......................................................................................................................................................1-6
监测和控制电子设备
.......................................................................................................................................1-6
½件编程方面的应用
.......................................................................................................................................1-6
音频方面的应用
…...........................................................................................................................................1-6
高速信号调理
...................................................................................................................................................1-6
视频方面的应用
…...........................................................................................................................................1-6
功率控制方面的应用
…...................................................................................................................................1-6
仪表放大器的外部特性
.......................................................................................................................................1-6
表征高品质仪表放大器的其它特性是什么?.....................................................................................................1-7
AC
(和
DC)
CMR ...........................................................................................................................................1-7
½失调电压和½失调电压漂移
.......................................................................................................................1-7
匹配的高输入阻抗
...........................................................................................................................................1-8
½输入偏½电流和½失调电流误差
...............................................................................................................1-8
½噪声
...............................................................................................................................................................1-8
½非线性
...........................................................................................................................................................1-8
增益选择方便
...................................................................................................................................................1-8
充裕的带½
.......................................................................................................................................................1-8
差分输入到单端输出的½换
...........................................................................................................................1-9
R-R
输入和输出
................................................................................................................................................1-9
电源与带½、
½换速率和噪声之间的关系
.....................................................................................................1-9
II
章一仪表放大器的内部原理
.....................................................................................................................2-1
单运放减法放大器提供的仪表放大器功½
.................................................................................................2-1
用输入缓冲器改进简单的减法放大器
...........................................................................................................2-1
三运放仪表放大器
…………….......................................................................................................................2-2
三运放仪表放大器设计考虑
...........................................................................................................................2-3
基本的双运放仪表放大器
...............................................................................................................................2-4
双运放仪表放大器——单电源工½共模电压设计考虑
...............................................................................2-5
III
章—单片仪表放大器
................................................................................................................................3-1
优于用运放构成的仪表放大器
...............................................................................................................3-1
采用仪表放大器还是差分放大器?.........
.......................................................................................................3-1
单片仪表放大器设计——内部原理
高性½仪表放大器
...........................................................................................................................................3-2
½成本仪表放大器
...........................................................................................................................................3-5
引脚可设½精密增益仪表放大器
...................................................................................................................3-6
自稳零仪表放大器
...........................................................................................................................................3-8
固定增益
(½漂移)
仪表放大器
.....................................................................................................................3-16
单电源仪表放大器
...................................................................................................................................3-17
½功耗、
单电源仪表放大器
...........................................................................................................................3-19
增益可设½仪表放大器
.................................................................................................................................3-20
IV
章—单片差分放大器
.................................................................................................................................4-1
差分放大器产品
.............................................................................................................................................4-1
AD8205
差分放大器
.........................................................................................................................................4-3
iii
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