Despite, its low inert sensitivity, it is irrefutable that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) isextremely useful for both analytical spectroscopy and imaging. As the study of magneticresonance evolved, detection instruments improved and magnets increased yielding modestimprovements to sensitivity. Ultimately, it is the polarization of nuclear spins betweenZeeman energy levels that dictate the NMR signal intensity.
Several hyperpolarization methods exist in aiding to increase nuclear spin polarizationbut it is dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) the offers the most versatility in application toan exhaustive range of nuclear spins. The method relies on transferring spin polarizationfrom unpaired electrons to nuclear spins facilitated my irradiation at the electron resonantfrequency.
In 2003, a technique emerged based on DNP to produce polarized liquid-state solutions.
The technique involves cooling a sample to approx. 1 K in a high magnetic field (≥ 3.35T) where electron spin polarization is very high and rapidly dissolving the sample with ahot solvent to produce the solution. Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization enabled realtime surveillance of metabolic conversions in both spectral and spatial dimensions, findingemployment in the study of cancer progression and response to therapy.
Polarizer systems have since rapidly evolved to primarily reach higher nuclear polarization levels, but also increase sample throughput, limit dependence on cryogenics andincorporate automation. The latest polarizer design realizes a variable field (up to 10.1T) cryogen-free polarizer system. This thesis serves to investigate the development of instruments to improve the polarization process in a system of that type. Herein a probe isdeveloped facilitating the ability to perform double resonance solid-state DNP experimentswith dissolution capabilities. Moreover, the design is optimized to minimize static heat load,manufacturing complexity and cost.
To improve throughput another probe capable of performing cross-polarization is developed, yielding 27% 13C polarization with a 12 min build-up time that is twice the direct13C polarization and 4.4 times faster. Dissolution compatible coil geometries are explored.
Techniques to design single and double resonant detection circuits including methods toevaluate their sensitivity is discussed. In low pressure environments arcing is probable dueto high voltages during pulsing. As such, arc detection methods and mitigation strategiesare explored and experimentally verified.
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