Abstract— Accurate and robust localization remains a significant challenge for autonomous vehicles. The cost of sensors and
limitations in local computational efficiency make it difficult
to scale to large commercial applications. Traditional visionbased approaches focus on texture features that are susceptible
to changes in lighting, season, perspective, and appearance.
Additionally, the large storage size of maps with descriptors and
complex optimization processes hinder system performance. To
balance efficiency and accuracy, we propose a novel lightweight
visual semantic localization algorithm that employs stable
semantic features instead of low-level texture features. First,
semantic maps are constructed offline by detecting semantic
objects, such as ground markers, lane lines, and poles, using
cameras or LiDAR sensors. Then, online visual localization is
performed through data association of semantic features and
map objects. We evaluated our proposed localization framework
in the publicly available KAIST Urban dataset and in scenarios
recorded by ourselves. The experimental results demonstrate
that our method is a reliable and practical localization solution
in various autonomous driving localization tasks
自主车辆的单目语义地图定位
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