自动驾驶车辆中的计算机视觉应用:方法、挑战与未来发展方向
Abstract—Autonomous vehicle refers to a vehicle capable of
perceiving its surrounding environment and driving with little or
no human driver input. The perception system is a fundamental
component which enables the autonomous vehicle to gather
data and extract essential information from its surrounding to
ensure safe driving. Benefiting from recent advances in computer
vision, the perception task can be achieved using sensors like
cameras, LiDAR, radar, and ultrasonic sensors. This paper
reviews publications on computer vision and autonomous driving
that are published during the last ten years. In particular, we
first investigate the evolution of autonomous driving systems
and summarize systems developed by major automotive manufacturers from different countries. Second, we investigate the
sensors and benchmark data sets that are commonly utilized
for autonomous driving. Then, a comprehensive overview of
computer vision applications for autonomous driving such as
depth estimation, object detection, lane detection, and traffic sign
recognition are discussed. Moreover, we review public opinions
and concerns on autonomous vehicles. Based on the discussion,
we analyze the current technological challenges that autonomous
vehicles face. Finally, we present our insights and point out some
promising directions for future research. This paper will help the
reader understand autonomous vehicles from both academic and
industry perspectives
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