80C51 ARCHITECTUREMEMORY ORGANIZATIONAll 80C51 devices have separate address spaces for program anddata memory, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The logical separation ofprogram and data memory allows the data memory to be accessedby 8-bit addresses, which can be quickly stored and manipulated byan 8-bit CPU. Nevertheless, 16-bit data memory addresses can alsobe generated through the DPTR register.Program memory (ROM, EPROM) can only be read, not written to.There can be up to 64k bytes of program memory. In the 80C51, thelowest 4k bytes of program are on-chip. In the ROMless versions, allprogram memory is external. The read strobe for external programmemory is the PSEN (program store enable).Data Memory (RAM) occupies a separate address space fromProgram Memory. In the 80C51, the lowest 128 bytes of datamemory are on-chip. Up to 64k bytes of external RAM can beaddressed in the external Data Memory space. In the ROMlessversion, the lowest 128 bytes are on-chip. The CPU generates readand write signals, RD and WR, as needed during external DataMemory accesses.External Program Memory and external Data Memory may becombined if desired by applying the RD and PSEN signals to theinputs of an AND gate and using the output of the gate as the readstrobe to the external Program/Data memory.
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