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SHA12标准－SECURE HASH STANDARD

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SUBCATEGORY CRYPTOGRAPHY FIPS PUB 1804 FEDERAL INFORMATION PROCESSING STANDARDS PUBLICATION Secure Hash Standard SHS CATEGORY COMPUTER SECURITY Information Technology Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 208998900 March 2012 US Department of Commerce John Bryson Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Patrick Gallagher Under Secretary for Standards and Technology and Director ......

FIPS PUB 180-4

FEDERAL INFORMATION PROCESSING STANDARDS

PUBLICATION

Secure Hash Standard (SHS)

ATEGORY:

OMPUTER

ECURITY

UBCATEGORY:

RYPTOGRAPHY

Information Technology Laboratory

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8900

March 2012

U.S. Department of Commerce

John Bryson, Secretary

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Patrick Gallagher, Under Secretary for Standards and Technology and Director

FOREWORD

The Federal Information Processing Standards Publication Series of the National Institute

of Standards and Technology (NIST) is the official series of publications relating to

standards and guidelines adopted and promulgated under the provisions of the Federal

Information Security Management Act (FISMA) of 2002.

Comments concerning FIPS publications are welcomed and should be addressed to the

Director, Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and

Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8900, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8900.

Charles H. Romine,

Director

Information Technology Laboratory

Abstract

This standard specifies hash algorithms that can be used to generate digests of messages.

The digests are used to detect whether messages have been changed since the digests

were generated.

Key words:

computer security, cryptography, message digest, hash function, hash

algorithm, Federal Information Processing Standards, Secure Hash Standard.

iii

Federal Information

Processing Standards Publication 180-4

March 2012

Announcing the

SECURE HASH STANDARD

Federal Information Processing Standards Publications (FIPS PUBS) are issued by the National

Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) after approval by the Secretary of Commerce

pursuant to Section 5131 of the Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996

(Public Law 104-106), and the Computer Security Act of 1987 (Public Law 100-235).

1. Name of Standard:

Secure Hash Standard (SHS) (FIPS PUB 180-4).

2. Category of Standard:

Computer Security Standard, Cryptography.

3. Explanation:

This Standard specifies secure hash algorithms - SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256,

SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 - for computing a condensed

representation of electronic data (message). When a message of any length less than 2

bits (for

SHA-1, SHA-224 and SHA-256) or less than 2

128

bits (for SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-512/224

and SHA-512/256) is input to a hash algorithm, the result is an output called a message digest.

The message digests range in length from 160 to 512 bits, depending on the algorithm. Secure

hash algorithms are typically used with other cryptographic algorithms, such as digital signature

algorithms and keyed-hash message authentication codes, or in the generation of random

numbers (bits).

The hash algorithms specified in this Standard are called secure because, for a given algorithm, it

is computationally infeasible 1) to find a message that corresponds to a given message digest, or

2) to find two different messages that produce the same message digest. Any change to a

message will, with a very high probability, result in a different message digest. This will result in

a verification failure when the secure hash algorithm is used with a digital signature algorithm or

a keyed-hash message authentication algorithm.

This Standard supersedes FIPS 180-3 [FIPS 180-3].

4. Approving Authority:

Secretary of Commerce.

5. Maintenance Agency:

U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and

Technology (NIST), Information Technology Laboratory (ITL).

6. Applicability:

This Standard is applicable to all Federal departments and agencies for the

protection of sensitive unclassified information that is not subject to Title 10 United States Code

Section 2315 (10 USC 2315) and that is not within a national security system as defined in Title

40 United States Code Section 11103(a)(1) (40 USC 11103(a)(1)). Either this Standard or

Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 202 must be implemented wherever a secure

hash algorithm is required for Federal applications, including as a component within other

cryptographic algorithms and protocols. This Standard may be adopted and used by non-Federal

Government organizations. [This paragraph is a proposed revision of the previous text, which

mandated FIPS 180 for Federal applications when a cryptographic hash function is required. The

proposed change would permit compliance with FIPS 202 in lieu of FIPS 180-4. NIST requests

public comments on this proposed change. Details for comment submission instructions and

deadline are specified in the Federal Register Notice 2014-12336 published on May 28, 2014,

which is available at

https://federalregister.gov/a/2014-12336.]

7. Specifications:

Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 180-4, Secure Hash Standard

(SHS) (affixed).

8. Implementations:

The secure hash algorithms specified herein may be implemented in

software, firmware, hardware or any combination thereof. Only algorithm implementations that

are validated by NIST will be considered as complying with this standard. Information about the

validation program can be obtained at

http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/index.html.

9. Implementation Schedule:

Guidance regarding the testing and validation to FIPS 180-4 and

its relationship to FIPS 140-2 can be found in IG 1.10 of the Implementation Guidance for FIPS

PUB 140-2 and the Cryptographic Module Validation Program at

http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/index.html.

10. Patents:

Implementations of the secure hash algorithms in this standard may be covered by

U.S. or foreign patents.

11. Export Control:

Certain cryptographic devices and technical data regarding them are

subject to Federal export controls. Exports of cryptographic modules implementing this standard

and technical data regarding them must comply with these Federal regulations and be licensed by

the Bureau of Export Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce. Information about

export regulations is available at:

http://www.bis.doc.gov/index.htm.

12. Qualifications:

While it is the intent of this Standard to specify general security

requirements for generating a message digest, conformance to this Standard does not assure that

a particular implementation is secure. The responsible authority in each agency or department

shall assure that an overall implementation provides an acceptable level of security. This

Standard will be reviewed every five years in order to assess its adequacy.

13. Waiver Procedure:

The Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) does not

allow for waivers to a FIPS that is made mandatory by the Secretary of Commerce.

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