Superconducting Quantum Electronics
Supere ondueting
Quantum Electronics
Edited
by v.
Kose
Foreword by Werner Buckel
With Contributions by
M.Albrecht H.Bachmair G.Brunk
K. H. Gundlach P. Gutmann C. Heiden
J.
Hinken R. P. Huebener W. Kessel
H. Koch H. Liibbig
J.
Niemeyer
R. Popel H. Rogalla
With 180 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong
Director and Professor
Dr.
Volkmar Kose
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100
D-3300 Braunschweig, Fed. Rep. of Germany
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-95594-5
e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-95592-1
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-95592-1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Superconducting quantum electronics
1
edited by
Volkmar Kose; with contributions by M. Albrecht ... ret al.l. p. cm. Includes index.
I.
Superconduc-
tivity. 2. Quantum electronics. 3. Josephson effect.
I.
Kose, Volkmar. QC611.97.T46S87 1989
537.6'23-dc20 89-11379
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcast-
ing, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this pub-
lication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of Sep-
tember 9, 1965, in its version of June 24, 1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations
fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law.
©
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1989
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence
of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations
and therefore free for general use.
Printing: Zechnersche Buchdruckerei, 6720 Speyer
Binding: J. Schaffer GmbH
&
Co. KG., 6718 Griinstadt
2157/3150-543210
-
Printed on acid-free paper
Foreword
With the surprising discovery of superconductivity at temperatures above
100 K, this field was not only brought into the public eye, but also stimulated
research in universities, scientific institutions and industry, thus continuing
the fascinating development which began with the discovery of the
Josephson effect in the sixties. Cryoelectronics has become a special branch of
cryophysics and cryotechnics and today plays a prominent role whenever
high resolution and precision measurements are required.
Motivated by this development, seven years ago scientists working in
cryoelectronics in the Federal Republic of Germany felt the necessity for
regular meetings allowing a free exchange of ideas and results achieved.
Seminars under the title of "Kryoelektronische Bauelemente" were held for
the first time at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Braunschweig
in 1982 on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Walther
MeiBner, a pioneer in superconductivity. Since then, meetings have been
held every year at different venues in Germany.
It
is now felt that the status of this field necessitates a review of the
results of the past, a description of the current state of the art, and a
discussion of future perspectives. This book, entitled
SUPERCONDUCTING
QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
is a collection of invited lectures and contributions
which will inform the reader on the most interesting problems involving
fundamentals, sensitive detectors and precision metrology being studied by
different groups.
There is no doubt that the new superconductors open up interesting
possibilities for almost all measuring devices: for example, integrated
circuits in microelectronics will be developed which combine classic com-
ponents such as semiconductors with the new superconductors. Computers
working at 77 K are already on the market. The integration of the new
superconductors into these computers does not involve any cryogenic
problem, but the tailoring of suitable films will require much research work.
This book summarizes the successful development of classic supercon-
ductors and discusses the outlook for the future. We hope that this volume
will stimulate further discussion, collaboration among scientists in different
laboratories, new developments and applications of superconductivity in
science and technology. More rapid progress in this field can be expected.
Superconductivity
is
still as fascinating as it was in the past.
Werner Buckel
v
Preface
With the discovery of macroscopic quantum phenomena such as supercon-
ductivity, the Josephson effect, flux quantization and superconducting
quantum interference it was possible for the first time to describe properties
of macroscopic objects directly in terms of quantum physics. Thus our
knowledge of physical nature was extended beyond the well known classical
physics. For scientists and engineers, it was a novel experience to study and
realize quantum physics and quantum systems on a macroscopic scale.
This volume entitled
SUPERCONDUCTING QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
will
give a contribution to this most interesting subject.
It
presents and discusses
in three parts the state of the art in our understanding of the
fundamentals,
describes
sensitive detectors
and outstanding applications in
precision
metrology.
New doors are opened by this unique development in numerous
scientific and technical areas.
Today, in medical diagnosis this makes possible the detection of
biomagnetic signals from human hearts and brains, in electrical metrology
the generation of dc voltages on a 1 volt level with a reproducibility of that
of atomic clocks
(lO-12I'1Hz),
and in astronomy a profounder knowledge of
the universe by extending observations of the interstellar medium into the
millimeter and submillimeter wavelength region.
The authors of this book have tried in their particular fields of activity
to respond to the new challenge of high critical temperature super-
conductivity. Important questions will arise in the future on whether exper-
iments can be prepared in such a way that also at higher operating temper-
atures, the striking characteristics of quantum mechanical systems can be
verified, utilized, and maintained.
In the part on
fundamentals
Heinz Liibbig presents in a unique way the
nonlinear dynamics of the Josephson effect in junctions and SQUIDs
(~uperconducting
Q!!antum Interference Devices). By introducing a new
state variable he outlines the linear response theory and discusses the corre-
sponding quantum limitations. This makes the tunnel junction a favored
object for nonlinear analysis and circuit theory, in particular if dissipation is
conceptually involved.
On this basis, in his article Gerd Brunk describes the principle of map-
ping the essential physical junction properties within a network synthesis
and derives electrical equivalent circuits, which are extremely useful for the
correct modelling of superconducting electronic devices.
Ralf Popel shows in his contribution of basic interest that the exact
solution of the Mattis-Bardeen equations for bulk materials and thin films
VII
京公网安备 11010802033920号
Copyright © 2005-2024 EEWORLD.com.cn, Inc. All rights reserved
评论