Good topological planning during the design phase is absolutely essential to ensure electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in electronic equipment and installations. Topology may be likened to a geometric hierarchy of EM zones, ranging from an utterly unprotected environment to a completely "clean" one, such as a computer room or a rack in which all sensitive electronic circuitry has been enclosed within a tight metallic shield. Barriers installed between zones prevent unwanted disturbances from passing into protected areas, whether they be electromagnetic fields generated by intentional or unintentional radio transmitters, transients induced on power lines, electrostatic discharges, or other EM threats (see Figure ).
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