Dive Into Python
http://diveintopython.org/
Dive Into Python
2004 年 5 月 20 日
译文版 (5.4)：2005 年 12 月—2006 年 4 月 (update-060425)
审校 (5.4b)：2007 年 6 月—9 月
Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Mark Pilgrim
(mailto:mark@diveintopython.org)
Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 CPyUG (邮件列表)
(mailto:python-cn@googlegroups.com)
本书存放在
http://diveintopython.org/
(英文原版) 和
http://www.woodpecker.org.cn/diveintopython(中文版)。如果½是从别的地方
看到它的，可½看到的不是最新版本。
Permission is granted to copy, distribute, and/or modify this document under
the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections,
no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included
in
Appendix G,
GNU Free Documentation License
.
允许在 GNU 自由文档协议 (1.1 版，或自由½件基金会出版的任½更新版本)
的许可下复制、发行且/或修改本文档；本文档没有不变部分，没有前封面文
本，没有封底文本。该协议的一½中文版参考译文包含在
Appendix H,
GNU
自由文档协议
中。
在这本书中的例程是自由½件。½可以在遵守 Python 协议 (Python ½件基金
会发布) 条款的规定下，重新发布，且/或修改它们。在
Appendix I,
Python
license
中包含了此协议的一½拷贝。
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(http://www.woodpecker.org.cn)提供 SVN 项目空间
(http://svn.woodpecker.org.cn/woodpecker/zh-
translations/trunk/diveintopython/zh-cn/)和
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(http://wiki.woodpecker.org.cn/moin/DiveIntoPythonZh)。
-1-
Dive Into Python
http://diveintopython.org/
本译本由 啄木鸟/CPUG (http://wiki.woodpecker.org.cn/moin/CPUG) 的 obp 团
队完成。可以在修订历史 (appendix/history.html)中找到一个翻译和修订人员
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Dive Into Python
http://diveintopython.org/
Dive Into Python.................................................................................................................1
Chapter 1.
安装
Python......................................................................................................8
1.1.
哪一种
Python
适合您？
......................................................................................8
1.2. Windows
上的
Python...........................................................................................8
1.3. Mac OS X
上的
Python .......................................................................................10
1.4. Mac OS 9
上的
Python ......................................................................................12
1.5. RedHat Linux
上的
Python ..................................................................................13
1.6. Debian GNU/Linux
上的
Python ..........................................................................14
1.7.
从源代码安装
Python .......................................................................................15
1.8.
½用
Python
的交互
Shell..................................................................................16
1.9.
小结
.................................................................................................................16
Chapter 2.
第一个
Python
程序
........................................................................................18
2.1.
概览
.................................................................................................................18
2.2.
½数声明
..........................................................................................................19
2.3.
文档化½数
......................................................................................................20
2.4.
万物皆对象
......................................................................................................21
2.5.
代码缩进
..........................................................................................................24
2.6.
测试模块
..........................................................................................................25
Chapter 3.
内½数据类型
................................................................................................27
3.1. Dictionary
介绍
..................................................................................................27
3.2. List
介绍
...........................................................................................................30
3.3. Tuple
介绍
........................................................................................................36
3.4.
变量声明
..........................................................................................................38
3.5.
格式化字符串
...................................................................................................41
3.6.
映射
list............................................................................................................43
3.7.
连接
list
与分割字符串
.....................................................................................45
3.8.
小结
.................................................................................................................48
Chapter 4.
自省的威力
....................................................................................................49
4.1.
概览
.................................................................................................................49
4.2.
½用可选参数和½名参数
.................................................................................51
4.3.
½用
type
、
str
、
dir
和其它内½½数
..................................................................52
4.4.
通过
getattr
获取对象引用
................................................................................56
4.5.
过滤列表
..........................................................................................................59
4.6. and
和
or
的特殊性质
........................................................................................61
4.7.
½用
lambda
½数
.............................................................................................64
4.8.
全部放在一起
...................................................................................................66
4.9.
小结
.................................................................................................................69
Chapter 5.
对象和面向对象
.............................................................................................71
5.1.
概览
.................................................................................................................71
5.2.
½用
from module import
导入模块
.....................................................................74
5.3.
类的定义
..........................................................................................................76
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Dive Into Python
http://diveintopython.org/
5.4.
类的实例化
......................................................................................................79
5.5.
探索
UserDict
：一个封装类
..............................................................................81
5.6.
专用类方法
......................................................................................................84
5.7.
高级专用类方法
...............................................................................................88
5.8.
类属性介绍
......................................................................................................90
5.9.
私有½数
..........................................................................................................92
5.10.
小结
...............................................................................................................93
Chapter 6.
异常和文件处理
.............................................................................................95
6.1.
异常处理
..........................................................................................................95
6.2.
与文件对象共事
...............................................................................................99
6.3. for
循环
..........................................................................................................103
6.4.
½用
sys.modules............................................................................................107
6.5.
与目½共事
....................................................................................................109
6.6.
全部放在一起
.................................................................................................114
6.7.
小结
...............................................................................................................115
Chapter 7.
正则表达式
..................................................................................................118
7.1.
概览
...............................................................................................................118
7.2.
个案研究：街道地址
......................................................................................118
7.3.
个案研究：½马字母
......................................................................................120
7.4.
½用
{n,m}
语法
..............................................................................................124
7.5.
松散正则表达式
.............................................................................................128
7.6.
个案研究：解析电话号码
...............................................................................130
7.7.
小结
...............................................................................................................135
Chapter 8. HTML
处理
....................................................................................................137
8.1.
概览
...............................................................................................................137
8.2. sgmllib.py
介绍
................................................................................................143
8.3.
从
HTML
文档中提取数据
...............................................................................146
8.4. BaseHTMLProcessor.py
介绍
............................................................................149
8.5. locals
和
globals..............................................................................................152
8.6.
基于
dictionary
的字符串格式化
......................................................................156
8.7.
给属性值加引号
.............................................................................................158
8.8. dialect.py
介绍
................................................................................................159
8.9.
全部放在一起
.................................................................................................162
8.10.
小结
.............................................................................................................165
Chapter 9. XML
处理
......................................................................................................167
9.1.
概览
...............................................................................................................167
9.2.
包
...................................................................................................................176
9.3. XML
解析
........................................................................................................178
9.4. Unicode...........................................................................................................182
9.5.
搜索元素
........................................................................................................187
9.6.
访问元素属性
.................................................................................................189
9.7. Segue
[9]
........................................................................................................191
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Dive Into Python
http://diveintopython.org/
Chapter 10.
脚本和流
....................................................................................................192
10.1.
½象输入源
..................................................................................................192
10.2.
标准输入、输出和错误
................................................................................197
10.3.
查询缓冲节点
...............................................................................................202
10.4.
查找节点的直接子节点
................................................................................203
10.5.
根据节点类型创建不同的处理器
..................................................................204
10.6.
处理½令行参数
...........................................................................................207
10.7.
全部放在一起
...............................................................................................211
10.8.
小结
.............................................................................................................213
Chapter 11. HTTP Web
服务
...........................................................................................214
11.1.
概览
.............................................................................................................214
11.2.
避免通过
HTTP
重复地获取数据
....................................................................217
11.3. HTTP
的特性
.................................................................................................218
11.4.
调试
HTTP web
服务
......................................................................................220
11.5.
设½
User-Agent.............................................................................................222
11.6.
处理
Last-Modified
和
ETag
............................................................................224
11.7.
处理重定向
..................................................................................................228
11.8.
处理压缩数据
...............................................................................................233
11.9.
全部放在一起
...............................................................................................236
11.10.
小结
...........................................................................................................239
Chapter 12. SOAP Web
服务
...........................................................................................240
12.1.
概览
.............................................................................................................240
12.2.
安装
SOAP
库
................................................................................................242
12.3.
步入
SOAP....................................................................................................244
12.4. SOAP
½络服务查错
.....................................................................................245
12.5. WSDL
介绍
....................................................................................................248
12.6.
以
WSDL
进行
SOAP
内省
..............................................................................249
12.7.
搜索
Google..................................................................................................252
12.8. SOAP
½络服务故障排除
..............................................................................255
12.9.
小结
.............................................................................................................260
Chapter 13.
单元测试
....................................................................................................261
13.1.
½马数字程序介绍
II.....................................................................................261
13.2.
深入
.............................................................................................................262
13.3. romantest.py
介绍
.........................................................................................263
13.4.
正面测试
(Testing for success).......................................................................267
13.5.
负面测试
(Testing for failure)..........................................................................269
13.6.
完备性检测
(Testing for sanity).......................................................................271
Chapter 14.
测试优先编程
............................................................................................275
14.1. roman.py,
第
1
阶段
......................................................................................275
14.2. roman.py,
第
2
阶段
......................................................................................279
14.3. roman.py,
第
3
阶段
......................................................................................284
14.4. roman.py,
第
4
阶段
......................................................................................288
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