Perl
语言入门(第四版)
Perl
语言入门
（第四版）
½者：Brian
d foy, Tom Phoenix, Randal L.Schartz
译者：
lebk
校对：
鄢 元 满
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Perl
语言入门(第四版)
目
½
前 言：
..................................................................................................................................................................................................8
第一章 概 述
...............................................................................................................................................................................................9
1
．
1
问题和解答
..................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
1．1．1
本书适合½吗？
........................................................................................................................................................................................9
1．1．2
为什么如此多的脚注？.............................................................................................................................................................................9
1．1．3
练习题和解答呢？
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
1．1．4
习题前的数字是什么意思？...................................................................................................................................................................
10
1．1．5
如果我是
Perl
教师，怎么办呢？
..........................................................................................................................................................10
1
．
2
Perl
代表什么？
........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Larry
为什么发明
Perl？ ....................................................................................................................................................................... 11
1．2．1
1．2．2
为什么
Larry
不采用别的语言？............................................................................................................................................................
11
1．2．3 Perl
容易学习吗？
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
1．2．4 Perl
为什么如此流行？
............................................................................................................................................................................13
1．2．5 Perl
正在发生怎样的事情？
.................................................................................................................................................................... 13
1．2．6 Perl
擅长什么？........................................................................................................................................................................................
13
1．2．7 Perl
不擅长什么？
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
1
．
3
怎样获得
Perl
？
..........................................................................................................................................................................14
1．3．1
什么
CPAN
？
........................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
1．3．2
怎样获得支持？
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
1．3．3
有其它的支持吗？
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
1．3．4
½发现
Perl
中有错误时，该怎么办？
.................................................................................................................................................. 16
1
．
4
怎样才½写一个
Perl
程序？
......................................................................................................................................................16
1．4．1
一个简单的例子
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
1．4．2
这个程序有些什么？
.............................................................................................................................................................................. 18
1．4．3
怎样编译
Perl？........................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
1
．
5
快速了解
Perl ..............................................................................................................................................................................19
1
．
6
第六节 练习
................................................................................................................................................................................. 20
第二章 标量数据
....................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
2
．
1
数字
.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
2．1．1
所有数字内部的格式一致........................................................................................................................................................................21
2．1．2
浮点数
...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
2．1．3
整数
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
2．1．4
非十进制整数
........................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
2．1．5
数字操½符
............................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
2
．
2
字符串
.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
2．2．1
单引号字符串
........................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
2．2．2
双引号字符串
........................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
2．3．3
字符串操½符
........................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
2．2．4
数字和字符串之间的自动½换................................................................................................................................................................
26
2
．
3 Perl
内嵌的警告
(warnings) .......................................................................................................................................................... 26
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Perl
语言入门(第四版)
2
．
4
标量变量
......................................................................................................................................................................................27
2．4．1
选择½的变量名
.......................................................................................................................................................................................28
2．4．2
标量赋值
................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
2．4．3
二元赋值操½符
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
2
．
5 print
输出
......................................................................................................................................................................................29
2．5．1
字符串中标量变量的内插........................................................................................................................................................................30
2．5．2
操½符优先级和结合性............................................................................................................................................................................31
2．5．3
比较运算符
............................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
2
．
6 if
控制结构
....................................................................................................................................................................................33
2．6．Boolean
值
.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
2
．
7
用户输入
......................................................................................................................................................................................34
2
．
8 chomp
操½
....................................................................................................................................................................................35
2
．
9 while
控制结构
..............................................................................................................................................................................35
2
．
10 undef
值
....................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
2
．
1
．
1 defined
½数
............................................................................................................................................................................37
2
．
1
．
2
练习
........................................................................................................................................................................................37
第三章 列表和数组
................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
3
．
1
访问数组元素
..............................................................................................................................................................................39
3
．
2
特殊的数组索引
..........................................................................................................................................................................39
3
．
3
列表
...............................................................................................................................................................................................40
3．3．1 qw
简写
.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
3
．
4
列表赋值
......................................................................................................................................................................................42
3．4．1 pop
和
push
操½
.......................................................................................................................................................................................43
3．4．2 shift
和
unshift
操½
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 44
3
．
5
将数组插入字符串
....................................................................................................................................................................... 44
3
．
6 foreach
控制结构
..........................................................................................................................................................................45
3．6．1 Perl
最常用的默认变量：$_
.................................................................................................................................................................... 46
3．6．2 reverse
操½...............................................................................................................................................................................................
46
3．6．3 sort
操½
.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
3
．
7
标量和列表上下文
....................................................................................................................................................................... 47
3．7．1
在标量
Context
中½用
List-Producing
表达式
....................................................................................................................................... 48
3．7．2
在列表
Context
中½用
Scalar-Producing
表达式....................................................................................................................................
50
3．7．3
强制½换为标量
Context ......................................................................................................................................................................... 50
3
．
8<STDIN>
在列表
Context
中
.......................................................................................................................................................... 50
3
．
9
练习
.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 51
第四章 子程序
...........................................................................................................................................................................................53
4
．
1
定义一个子程序
..........................................................................................................................................................................53
4
．
2
调用子程序
..................................................................................................................................................................................54
4
．
3
返回值
.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 54
4
．
4
参数
(Arguments) ..........................................................................................................................................................................56
4
．
5
子程序中的私有变量
..................................................................................................................................................................57
4
．
6
参数列表的长度
........................................................................................................................................................................... 57
4．6．1
更½的&max 程序
...................................................................................................................................................................................58
4．6．2
空参数列表
............................................................................................................................................................................................... 59
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Perl
语言入门(第四版)
4
．
7my
变量的注释
............................................................................................................................................................................... 59
4
．
8
½用
strict Pragma ........................................................................................................................................................................60
4
．
9
返回操½
......................................................................................................................................................................................61
4．9．1
省略符号&
............................................................................................................................................................................................... 62
4
．
10
非标量返回值
............................................................................................................................................................................63
4
．
11
练习
.............................................................................................................................................................................................64
第五章 输入与输出
................................................................................................................................................................................... 65
5
．
1
从标准输入设备输入
................................................................................................................................................................... 65
5
．
2
从
<>
输入
......................................................................................................................................................................................66
5
．
3
调用参数
....................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
5
．
4
输出到标准输出设备
................................................................................................................................................................... 69
5
．
5
½用
printf
格式化输出
................................................................................................................................................................. 71
5.5.1
数组和
printf .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 72
5
．
6
句柄
...............................................................................................................................................................................................73
5
．
7
文件句柄的打开
........................................................................................................................................................................... 74
5．7．1 Bad
文件句柄............................................................................................................................................................................................
76
5．7．2
关闭文件句柄
........................................................................................................................................................................................... 76
5
．
8
严重错误和
die ............................................................................................................................................................................77
5．8．1
警告信息和
warn ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 78
5
．
9
½用文件句柄
............................................................................................................................................................................... 78
5．9．1
改变默认的输出句柄
...............................................................................................................................................................................79
5
．
10
重新打开文件句柄
....................................................................................................................................................................79
5
．
11
练习
............................................................................................................................................................................................ 80
第六章 哈 希............................................................................................................................................................................................
81
6
．
1
什么是哈希？
............................................................................................................................................................................... 81
6．1．1
为什么½用
Hash? ...................................................................................................................................................................................82
6
．
2
哈希元素的存取
........................................................................................................................................................................... 84
6．2．1
½为整½的
hash .......................................................................................................................................................................................85
6．2．2 Hash
赋值
.................................................................................................................................................................................................86
6．2．3
大箭头符号（=>）
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 87
6
．
3
哈希½数
....................................................................................................................................................................................... 87
6．3．1 keys
和
values
½数
...................................................................................................................................................................................87
6．3．2 each
½数...................................................................................................................................................................................................
88
6
．
4
哈希的通常用法
........................................................................................................................................................................... 89
6．4．1 exists
½数
.................................................................................................................................................................................................90
6．4．2 delete
½数.................................................................................................................................................................................................90
6．4．3 hash
元素的内插
.......................................................................................................................................................................................90
6
．
5
练习
...............................................................................................................................................................................................91
第七章 正则表达式
................................................................................................................................................................................... 92
7
．
1
什么是正则表达式？
................................................................................................................................................................... 92
7
．
2
½用简单的模式
........................................................................................................................................................................... 93
7．2．1
元字符
...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 93
7．2．2
简单的量词
..............................................................................................................................................................................................94
7．2．3
模式中的分组
........................................................................................................................................................................................... 94
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Perl
语言入门(第四版)
7．2．4
选择符
...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 94
7
．
3
字符类
...........................................................................................................................................................................................95
7．3．1
字符类的简写
........................................................................................................................................................................................... 95
7．3．2
简写½式的补集
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 96
7
．
4
练习
...............................................................................................................................................................................................96
第八章 正则表达式的应用
....................................................................................................................................................................... 98
8
．
1
½用
m//
匹配
................................................................................................................................................................................98
8
．
2
可选的修饰符
............................................................................................................................................................................... 98
8．2．1
不区分大小写：/i
..................................................................................................................................................................................... 98
8．2．2
匹配任½字符：/s.....................................................................................................................................................................................
99
8．2．3
添加空格：/x
............................................................................................................................................................................................ 99
8．2．4
将可选字符结合起来
............................................................................................................................................................................100
8．2．5
其它选项
.................................................................................................................................................................................................100
8
．
3
锚定
.............................................................................................................................................................................................100
8．3．1
词锚定
.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 101
8
．
4
绑定操½符，
=~ ........................................................................................................................................................................101
8
．
5
模式内的内插
............................................................................................................................................................................102
8
．
6
匹配变量
....................................................................................................................................................................................103
8．6．1
内存值的保存
........................................................................................................................................................................................104
8．6．2
自动匹配变量
......................................................................................................................................................................................... 105
8
．
7
一般的数量词
............................................................................................................................................................................. 106
8
．
8
优先级
......................................................................................................................................................................................... 106
8．8．1
优先级练习
............................................................................................................................................................................................. 107
8．8．2
更多
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................107
8
．
9
模式测试程序
............................................................................................................................................................................107
8
．
10
练习
...........................................................................................................................................................................................108
第九章 ½用正则表达式处理文件
......................................................................................................................................................... 109
9
．
1
½用
s///
进行替换
....................................................................................................................................................................... 109
9．1．1
½用/g 进行全局替换
............................................................................................................................................................................. 110
9．1．2
不同的分隔符
......................................................................................................................................................................................... 110
9．1．3
可选的修饰符
........................................................................................................................................................................................ 111
9．1．4
绑定操½
................................................................................................................................................................................................ 111
9．1．5
大小写½换
............................................................................................................................................................................................. 111
9
．
2split
操½
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 112
9
．
3join
½数
....................................................................................................................................................................................... 113
9
．
4
列表上下文中的
m// .................................................................................................................................................................. 114
9
．
5
更强大的正则表达式
................................................................................................................................................................. 114
9．5．1
非贪婪的数量词
..................................................................................................................................................................................... 115
9．5．2
匹配多行文本
........................................................................................................................................................................................ 116
9．5．3
更新大量文件
......................................................................................................................................................................................... 117
9．5．4
在½令行中进行修改
............................................................................................................................................................................ 119
9．5．5
非捕捉用的括号
....................................................................................................................................................................................120
9
．
6
练习
.............................................................................................................................................................................................121
第十章 更多控制结构
............................................................................................................................................................................. 122
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