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标签： C语言

C语言

本国际标准规定了形式并建立了对用C编程语言编写的程序.1）它指定—C程序的代表；—C语言的语法和约束；—解释C程序的语义规则；—要由C程序处理的输入数据的表示形式；—由C程序产生的输出数据的表示；—合格的C实施所施加的限制和限制。

2本国际标准未规定—转换C程序以供数据处理使用的机制系统;—调用C程序以供数据处理使用的机制系统;—转换输入数据以供C程序使用的机制；—输出数据由C生成后转换的机制程序;

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INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
ISO/IEC
9899
Second edition
1999-12-01
Programming languages — C
Langages de programmation — C
Processed and adopted by ASC the National Committee for
Information Technology Standards (NCITS) and approved by
ANSI as an American National Standard.
Date of ANSI Approval: 5/22/2000
Published by American National Standards Institute,
11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036
Copyright 2000 by Information Technology Industry Council
(ITI). All rights reserved.
These materials are subject to copyright claims of International
Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI),
and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form,
including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written
permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be
submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005.
Printed in the United States of America
Reference number
ISO/IEC 9899:1999(E)
©
ISO/IEC 1999
ISO/IEC 9899:1999(E)
PDF disclaimer
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be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
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© ISO/IEC 1999
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56
·
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 734 10 79
E-mail copyright@iso.ch
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii
© ISO/IEC 1999 – All rights reserved
©ISO/IEC
ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E)
Contents
Foreword
Introduction
1. Scope
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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xi
xiv
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iii
2. Normative references
4. Conformance
3. Terms, definitions, and symbols
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Environment
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
5.1 Conceptual models
5.1.1 Translation environment
.
5.1.2 Execution environments
.
5.2 Environmental considerations
. .
. . . . .
5.2.1 Character sets
5.2.2 Character display semantics
5.2.3 Signals and interrupts
. .
5.2.4 Environmental limits
. .
6. Language
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1 Notation
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 Concepts
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2.1 Scopes of identifiers
. . . . .
6.2.2 Linkages of identifiers
. . . . .
6.2.3 Name spaces of identifiers
. . .
6.2.4 Storage durations of objects
. .
6.2.5 Types
. . . . . . . . . . .
6.2.6 Representations of types
. . . .
6.2.7 Compatible type and composite type
6.3 Conversions
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
6.3.1 Arithmetic operands
. . . . . . .
6.3.2 Other operands
. . . . . . . . . .
6.4 Lexical elements
6.4.1 Keywords
. . . . . . . . . .
6.4.2 Identifiers
. . . . . . . . . .
. . .
6.4.3 Universal character names
6.4.4 Constants
. . . . . . . . . .
6.4.5 String literals
. . . . . . . .
6.4.6 Punctuators
. . . . . . . . .
6.4.7 Header names
. . . . . . . .
6.4.8 Preprocessing numbers
. . . .
6.4.9 Comments
. . . . . . . . .
6.5 Expressions
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents
ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E)
©ISO/IEC
6.5.1
Primary expressions
. . .
6.5.2
Postfix operators
. . . . .
6.5.3
Unary operators
. . . . .
6.5.4
Cast operators
. . . . . .
6.5.5
Multiplicative operators
. .
6.5.6
Additive operators
. . . .
6.5.7
Bitwise shift operators
. . .
6.5.8
Relational operators
. . . .
6.5.9
Equality operators
. . . .
6.5.10 Bitwise
AND
operator
. . .
6.5.11 Bitwise exclusive
OR
operator
6.5.12 Bitwise inclusive
OR
operator
6.5.13 Logical
AND
operator
. . .
. . .
6.5.14 Logical
OR
operator
6.5.15 Conditional operator
. . .
6.5.16 Assignment operators
. . .
6.5.17 Comma operator
. . . . .
6.6 Constant expressions
. . . . . . .
6.7 Declarations
. . . . . . . . . .
6.7.1
Storage-class specifiers
. .
6.7.2 Type specifiers
. . . . . .
6.7.3
Type qualifiers
. . . . . .
6.7.4
Function specifiers
. . . .
6.7.5 Declarators
. . . . . . .
6.7.6
Type names
. . . . . . .
6.7.7
Type definitions
. . . . .
6.7.8
Initialization
. . . . . .
6.8 Statements and blocks
. . . . . .
6.8.1
Labeled statements
. . . .
6.8.2
Compound statement
. . .
6.8.3 Expression and null statements
6.8.4
Selection statements
. . .
6.8.5 Iteration statements
. . . .
6.8.6
Jump statements
. . . . .
6.9 External definitions
. . . . . . .
6.9.1
Function definitions
. . . .
6.9.2
External object definitions
.
6.10 Preprocessing directives
. . . . .
6.10.1 Conditional inclusion
. . .
6.10.2 Source file inclusion
. . .
6.10.3 Macro replacement
. . . .
6.10.4 Line control
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6.10.5 Error directive
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6.10.6 Pragma directive
. . . . .
iv
Contents
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©ISO/IEC
ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E)
6.10.7 Null directive
. . . . .
6.10.8 Predefined macro names
.
6.10.9 Pragma operator
. . . .
6.11 Future language directions
. . .
6.11.1 Floating types
. . . . .
6.11.2 Linkages of identifiers
. .
6.11.3 External names
. . . .
6.11.4 Character escape sequences
6.11.5 Storage-class specifiers
.
6.11.6 Function declarators
. .
6.11.7 Function definitions
. . .
6.11.8 Pragma directives
. . .
6.11.9 Predefined macro names
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v
7. Library
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.1 Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.1.1 Definitions of terms
. . . . . . . . .
7.1.2 Standard headers
. . . . . . . . . .
7.1.3 Reserved identifiers
. . . . . . . . .
7.1.4 Use of library functions
. . . . . . .
7.2 Diagnostics
<assert.h>
. . . . . . . . .
7.2.1 Program diagnostics
. . . . . . . .
7.3 Complex arithmetic
<complex.h>
. . . . .
7.3.1 Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.2 Conventions
. . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.3 Branch cuts
. . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.4 The
CX_LIMITED_RANGE
pragma
. .
7.3.5
Trigonometric functions
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
7.3.6
Hyperbolic functions
7.3.7
Exponential and logarithmic functions
.
7.3.8
Power and absolute-value functions
. .
7.3.9
Manipulation functions
. . . . . . .
7.4 Character handling
<ctype.h>
. . . . . . .
. . .
7.4.1
Character classification functions
. . .
7.4.2
Character case mapping functions
. . . . . . . . . . . .
7.5 Errors
<errno.h>
. . . .
7.6 Floating-point environment
<fenv.h>
. . . . .
7.6.1
The
FENV_ACCESS
pragma
. . . . . .
7.6.2
Floating-point exceptions
7.6.3
Rounding
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.6.4
Environment
. . . . . . . . . . .
7.7 Characteristics of floating types
<float.h>
. .
7.8 Format conversion of integer types
<inttypes.h>
7.8.1
Macros for format specifiers
. . . . .
7.8.2
Functions for greatest-width integer types
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