Conventional medical ultrasound imaging uses focused beams to scan the imaging sceneline-by-line, but recently however, plane-wave imaging, in which plane-waves are used toilluminate the entire imaging scene, has been gaining popularity due its ability to achievehigh frame rates, thus allowing the capture of fast dynamic events and producing continuousDoppler data. In most implementations, multiple low-resolution images from different planewave tilt angles are coherently averaged (compounded) to form a single high-resolutionimage, albeit with the undesirable side effect of reducing the frame rate, and attenuatingsignals with high Doppler shifts.
This thesis introduces a spread-spectrum color Doppler imaging method that produces highresolution images without the use of frame compounding, thereby eliminating the tradeoffbetween beam quality, frame rate and the unaliased Doppler frequency limit. The methoduses a Doppler ensemble formed of a long random sequence of transmit tilt angles thatrandomize the phase of out-of-cell (clutter) echoes, thereby spreading the clutter power in theDoppler spectrum without compounding, while keeping the spectrum of in-cell echoes intact.
The spread-spectrum method adequately suppresses out-of-cell blood echoes to achieve highspatial resolution, but spread-spectrum suppression is not adequate for wall clutter whichmay be 60 dB above blood echoes. We thus implemented a clutter filter that re-arranges theensemble samples such that they follow a linear tilt angle order, thereby compacting theclutter spectrum and spreading that of the blood Doppler signal, and allowing cluttersuppression with frequency domain filters. We later improved this filter with a redesign ofthe random sweep plan such that each tilt angle is repeated multiple times, allowing, afterensemble re-arrangement, the use of comb filters for improved clutter suppression.
Experiments performed using a carotid artery phantom with constant flow demonstrate thatthe spread-spectrum method more accurately measures the parabolic flow profile of thevessel and outperforms conventional plane-wave Doppler in both contrast resolution andestimation of high flow velocities.
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