Separated Local Field (SLF) experiments have been routinely used for measuring 1H-15N heteronucleardipolar couplings in oriented-sample solid-state NMR for structure determination of proteins. In theon-going pursuit of designing better-performing SLF pulse sequences (e.g. by increasing the number ofsubdwells, and varying the rf amplitudes and phases), analytical treatment of the relevant averageHamiltonian terms may become cumbersome and/or nearly impossible. Numerical simulations of NMRexperiments using GPU processors can be employed to rapidly calculate spectra for moderately sized spinsystems, which permit an efficient numeric optimization of pulse sequences by the Monte CarloSimulated Annealing protocol. In this work, a computational strategy was developed to find the optimalphases and timings that substantially improve the 1H-15N dipolar linewidths over a broad range of dipolar couplings as compared to SAMPI4. More than 100 pulse sequences were developed de novo and testedon an N-acetyl Leucine crystal. Seventeen distinct pulse sequences were shown to produce sharper meanlinewidths than SAMPI4. Overall, these pulse sequences have more variable parameters (involving nonquadrature phases) and do not involve symmetry between the odd and even dwells, which would likelypreclude their rigorous analytical treatment. The top performing pulse sequence, termed ROULETTE-1,has 18% sharper mean linewidths than SAMPI4 when run on an N-acetyl Leucine crystal. This sequencewas also shown to be robust over a broad range of 1H carrier frequencies and various crystal orientations.
The performance of such an optimized pulse sequence was also illustrated on 15N Leucine-labeled Pf1coat protein reconstituted in magnetically aligned bicelles. For the optimized pulse sequence the meanpeak width was 14% sharper than SAMPI4, which in turn yielded a better signal to noise ratio, 20:1 vs.
17:1. This method is potentially extendable to de novo development of a variety of NMR experiments
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