目½
第1章 模拟集成电路概论........................................................................................................
1
1.1
半导½技术与模拟集成电路.................................................................................
1
1.2
模拟集成电路的分类及制造工艺.........................................................................
2
1.2.1
模拟集成电路的分类.....................................................................................
2
1.2.2
模拟集成电路的制造工艺技术....................................................................
5
1.3
模拟集成电路设计流程.........................................................................................
5
1.3.1
系统定义与设计.............................................................................................
8
1.3.2
电路定义与设计.............................................................................................
8
1.3.3
版图设计与验证.............................................................................................
8
1.3.4
掩模板制备、流片、封装与测试....
............................................................ 8
参考文献………………………………………..………………………………………8
第2章 单级放大器...................................................................................................................10
2.1
放大器概念...........................................................................................................10
2.1.1
一般概念.......................................................................................................10
2.1.2
放大器双端口模型分析...............................................................................
11
2.1.3
电流和电压源内阻与负½½效应..................................................................12
2.2
共源放大器...........................................................................................................13
2.2.1
电阻负½½的共源放大器...............................................................................13
2.2.2
恒流源½负½½的CMOS 共源放大器.........................................................17
2.2.3
栅、漏短接的MOS 管为负½½的共源放大器...........................................19
2.2.4
带源极电阻负反馈的共源放大器电路......................................................21
2.3
共栅放大器...........................................................................................................23
2.4
共漏放大器...........................................................................................................27
2.5
共源共栅放大器...................................................................................................29
2.5.1
大信号特性...................................................................................................30
2.5.2
小信号特性...........................................................................................................................31
习题……………………………………………………………………………………33
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………38
第3章 电流镜与差分放大器...................................................................................................40
3.1 MOS
电流源.........................................................................................................40
3.2
基本电流镜...........................................................................................................40
3.3
电流源与电流阱电路...........................................................................................44
3.4
差分放大器...........................................................................................................47
3.4.1
差分放大器的基本概念...............................................................................47
3.4.2
共模与差模信号...........................................................................................48
3.4.3
差分放大器的小信号模型分析..................................................................50
3.4.4
共模抑制比...................................................................................................53
3.4.5
差分放大器的双端口模型...........................................................................54
3.4.6
单端输出差分放大器...................................................................................60
习题…………………………………………………………………………………67
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………74
第4章 噪声分析............................................................................................................75
4.1
噪声类型与在电路中的表示............................................................................75
4.1.1
噪声的数学表达........................................................................................75
4.1.2
电路中的噪声类型和特点........................................................................76
4.1.3
噪声在电路中的表示................................................................................80
4.2
单级放大器中的噪声........................................................................................84
4.2.1
共源级........................................................................................................84
4.2.2
共栅级........................................................................................................85
4.2.3
源跟随器....................................................................................................87
4.2.4
共源共栅....................................................................................................88
4.2.5
差分电路....................................................................................................89
4.3
噪声仿真技术....................................................................................................91
4.3.1
功½基本介绍............................................................................................91
4.3.2
传统的噪声分析及参数设½....................................................................91
4.3.3
设计实例及结果输出方式设½。............................................................93
习题……………………………………………………………………………………102
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………105
第5章
CMOS
运算放大器和负反馈.......................................................................
106
5.1
运算放大器....................................................................................................
106
5.1.1
理想运算放大器....................................................................................
107
5.1.2
非理想运算放大器................................................................................
108
5.2
负反馈...........................................................................................................
109
5.2.1
负反馈的基本原理................................................................................
109
5.2.2
降½增益灵敏度....................................................................................
113
5.2.3
非线性失真的减小................................................................................
114
5.2.4
带½的变化............................................................................................
119
5.3
运算放大器的基本结构................................................................................
120
5.3.1
套筒结构................................................................................................
121
5.3.2
折叠结构................................................................................................
122
5.4
运算放大器的性½........................................................................................
124
5.4.1
增益(Gain)
............................................................................................. 124
5.4.2
带½（Bandwidth）
.............................................................................. 134
5.4.3
建立时间(Settling
Time) ....................................................................... 139
5.4.4
相½裕度(Phase
Margin，PM) ............................................................. 145
5.4.5
½换速率(Slew
Rate)............................................................................. 148
5.4.6
共模抑制比(CMRR)
............................................................................. 153
5.4.7
电源电压抑制比(PSRR)
....................................................................... 157
5.5
运算放大器的½用举例................................................................................
161
5.5.1
比例运算电路........................................................................................
161
5.5.2
求和运算电路........................................................................................
164
5.5.3
积分和微分运算电路............................................................................
166
5.5.4
对数和指数运算电路............................................................................
168
习题……………………………………………………………………………………169
参文献…………………………………………………………………………………171
第6章 高增益运放与频率补偿.....................................................................................172
6.1
高增益运放概述.................................................................................................172
6.1.1
简单运算放大器结构.................................................................................172
6.1.2
采用套筒式共源共栅结构提高电路增益................................................173
6.1.3
采用折叠式共源共栅结构提高电路增益................................................174
6.1.4
采用增益自举式（Gain
Booste r）结构提高电路增益...........................174
6.2
多级运算放大器设计.........................................................................................176
6.3
频率补偿.............................................................................................................176
6.3.1
系统稳定性原理与分析.............................................................................176
6.3.2
米勒效应与米勒补偿.................................................................................178
6.3.3
高级补偿电路.............................................................................................181
6.4
双端输入单端输出CMOS 运算放大器设计实例...........................................185
6.4.1
运算放大器性½指标.................................................................................185
6.4.2
性½指标到电路参数指标之间的½化和分析........................................185
6.5
½用Spectre 仿真优化电路...............................................................................189
6.5.1
从理论计算到电路原理图.........................................................................189
6.5.2
搭建测试平台.............................................................................................194
6.5.3
直流偏½验证仿真.....................................................................................197
6.5.4
交流增益仿真.............................................................................................202
6.5.5
瞬态时域仿真.............................................................................................209
6.5.6 CMRR
和
PSRR
的测量............................................................................220
习题……………………………………………………………………………………223
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………226
第7章 全差分运算放大器与非线性...................................................................................227
7.1
概述..................................................................................................................227
7.1.1
全差分运算放大器结构框图..................................................................227
7.1.2
常见的全差分运算放大器电路..............................................................228
7.2
共模反馈..........................................................................................................230
7.2.1
共模反馈的原理......................................................................................230
7.2.2
共模采样的结构......................................................................................232
7.3
差动电路的非线性..........................................................................................234
7.3.1
非线性的原理和差动对的非线性..........................................................234
7.3.2
差动输入对的线性化技术......................................................................237
7.4
全差分运算放大器的设计实例......................................................................239
7.4.1
设计指标..................................................................................................239
7.4.2
高速全差分放大器结构选择..................................................................240
7.4.3
性½指标分析..........................................................................................241
7.4.4
全差分放大器电路设计和仿真..............................................................247
7.4.5
结论..........................................................................................................270
习题……………………………………………………………………………………271
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………273
第8章 带隙电压基准.....................................................................................................275
8.1
带隙电压基准的性½参数.............................................................................
275
8.1.1
温漂系数.....................................................................................................275
8.1.2
输出噪声.....................................................................................................275
8.1.3
功耗.............................................................................................................275
8.1.4
电源抑制比（Power
Supply Reject Ratio, PSRR）.................................275
8.2
带隙电压基准的基本原理.............................................................................
276
8.2.1
负温度系数电压.........................................................................................276
8.2.2
正温度系数电压.........................................................................................277
8.2.3
实现零温度系数的基准电压....................................................................277
8.3
常用带隙电压基准结构.................................................................................
277
8.3.1
利用PTAT 电流产生基准电压.................................................................277
8.3.2
在运放的输出端产生基准电压................................................................282
8.3.3
两种结构的性½比较.................................................................................286
8.4
带隙电压基准的设计.....................................................................................
287
8.4.1
寻找合适的双极晶½管比例....................................................................288
8.4.2
寻找合适的电阻比例.................................................................................290
8.4.3
设½“Analog
Environment”窗口...............................................................290
8.4.4
仿真结果分析.............................................................................................292
8.4.5
½用“Parametric“分析，寻找合适的R2、R1 电阻比值..........................293
8.4.6
利用“Calculator”分析仿真结果。............................................................296
8.4.7
利用
“Optimizer”
进一步优化带隙基准电压源的温度特性
....................303
8.4.8
验证8.3.1 中关于闭环增益的推论..........................................................310
8.4.9
带隙基准电压源的噪声分析....................................................................313
8.4.10
小结.............................................................................................................323
8.5
超½温漂带隙电压基准.................................................................................
324
8.5.1
设计目标.....................................................................................................324
8.5.2
温度漂移的详细分析.................................................................................324
8.5.3
设计过程.....................................................................................................326
8.5.4
小结.............................................................................................................355
习题……………………………………………………………………………………356
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………357
第9章 基准电流源......................................................................................................358
9.1
基准电流源的性½参数..................................................................................358
9.1.1
温漂系数..............................................................................................358
9 . 1. 2
电 源抑制 比 （
P o w e r S u p p l y R e j e c t R a t i o , P S R R
）.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 9
9.1.3
功耗.....................................................................................................359
9.2
基准电流源的工½原理..........................................................................359
9.3
常用基准电流源的几种结构..................................................................361
9.3.1
利用电阻RS 在NMOS 管源极产生电压差V
............................................361
9 . 3. 2
利 用 电阻
R
S
在
P M OS
管 源极 产 生 电 压 差V
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 3
9.3.3
共源共栅基准电流源...........................................................................364
9.3.4
三支路基准电流源...............................................................................365
9.4
基准电流源的设计实例..........................................................................366
9.4.1 LDO
中基准电流源的性½指标............................................................367
9.4.2
基准电流源结构的确定.......................................................................367
9.4.3
基准电流源参数的调试.......................................................................369
9.4.4
电路仿真..............................................................................................372
9.4.5
小结.....................................................................................................394
习题……………………………………………………………………………………395
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………398
第10章 模拟与数字½换电路...............................................................................................399
10.1
开关电容电路..................................................................................................399
10.1.1
采样开关电路..........................................................................................399
10.1.2
沟道电荷注入效应..................................................................................404
10.1.3
开关电容的等效电阻..............................................................................407
10.1.4
开关电容放大器......................................................................................410
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