嵌入式控制硬件设计（完全）【英】

Embedded  Controller

Hardware  Design

by  Ken  Arnold

Table  of  Contents

Preface  ix

Chapter  One  Review  of  Electronics  Fundamentals......................1

Objectives.......................................................................2

Embedded  Microcomputer  Applications.........................2

Microcomputer  and  Microcontroller  Architectures..........4

Digital  Hardware  Concepts..............................................6

Logic  Symbols...............................................................17

Timing  Diagrams...........................................................19

Multiplexed  Bus............................................................20

Loading  and  Noise  Margin  Analysis...............................21

The  Design  and  Development  Process...........................21

Chapter  One  Problems..................................................22

Chapter  Two  Microcontroller  Concepts....................................23

Organization:  von  Neumann  vs.  Harvard......................24

Microprocessor/Microcontroller  Basics.........................24

The  8051  Family  Microcontroller

Processor  Architecture..............................................27

The  8051  Family  Microcontroller

Instruction  Set  Summary..........................................42

Chapter  Two  Problems.................................................56

Chapter  Three  Worst-Case  Timing,  Loading,

Analysis,  and  Design............................................57

Timing  Diagram  Notation  Conventions........................58

Fan-Out  and  Loading  Analysis—DC  and  AC................63

Logic  Family  IC  Characteristics  and  Interfacing............75

Design  Example:  Noise  Margin  Analysis  Spreadsheet....82

Worst-Case  Timing  Analysis  Example...........................90

Chapter  Three  Review  Problems...................................92

Chapter  Four  Memory  Technologies  and  Interfacing................95

Memory  Taxonomy......................................................96

Read/Write  Memories.................................................100

Read-Only  Memory....................................................101

Other  Memory  Types..................................................104

JEDEC  Memory  Pin-Outs...........................................105

Device  Programmers...................................................106

Memory  Organization  Considerations.........................107

Parametric  Considerations..........................................109

Asynchronous  vs.  Synchronous  Memory.....................110

Error  Detection  and  Correction...................................111

Memory  Management.................................................113

Chapter  Four  Problems...............................................115

Chapter  Five  CPU  Bus  Interface  and  Timing.......................,....117

Read  and  Write  Operations...................................,.....117

Address,  Data,  and  Control  Buses..................,.............118

Address  Spaces  and  Decoding..........................,...........120

Chapter  Five  Problems.....................................,..........124

Chapter  Six  A  Detailed  Design  Example................................125

The  Central  Processing  Unit  (CPU)............................125

External  Data  Memory  Cycles.....................................134

Design  Problem  1.......................................................138

Design  Problem  2.......................................................139

Design  Problem  3.......................................................140

Chapter  Six  Problems.................................................143

Chapter  Seven  Programmable  Logic  Devices.............................145

Introduction  to  Programmable  Logic...........................147

Design  Examples.........................................................153

Simple  I/O  Decoding  and  Interfacing  Using  PLDs........157

IC  Design  Using  PCs........................................................157

Chapter  Seven  Problems..............................................159

Chapter  Eight  Basic  I/O  Interfaces................................................161

Direct  CPU  I/O  Interfacing..........................................161

Simple  Input/Output  Devices......................................169

Program-Controlled  I/O  Bus  Interfacing......................173

Direct  Memory  Access  (DMA)....................................175

Elementary  I/O  Devices  and  Applications....................178

Chapter  Eight  Problems..............................................181

Chapter  Nine  Other  Interfaces  and  Bus  Cycles.........................183

Interrupt  Cycles..........................................................184

Software  Interrupts.....................................................184

Hardware  Interrupts...................................................184

Chapter  Ten  Other  Useful  Stuff..............................................197

Construction  Methods................................................197

Electromagnetic  Compatibility...................................199

Electrostatic  Discharge  Effects....................................199

Fault  Tolerance..........................................................200

Hardware  Development  Tools.....................................201

Software  Development  Tools......................................203

Other  Specialized  Design  Considerations...................203

Processor  Performance  Metrics..................................206

Device  Selection  Process............................................207

Chapter  Eleven  Other  Interfaces................................................209

Analog  Signal  Conversion..........................................210

Special  Proprietary  Synchronous  Serial  Interfaces.......211

Unconventional  Use  of  DRAM  for  Low  Cost

Data  Storage...........................................................211

Digital  Signal  Processing/Digital  Audio  Recording......212

Appendix  A  Hardware  Design  Checklist................................215

Appendix  B  References,  Web  Links,  and  Other  Sources........225

Index.........................................................................229