简介：
This application note describes the basic glucosemeter design using Microchip’s PIC? 8-bitPIC16LF178X XLP device.
A glucose meter is a medical device used to determinethe concentration of glucose in the solution. Theglucose concentration is measured in units of milligramper decilitre (mg/dl) or millimole per litre (mmol/L),depending on the different regions.
The glucose meter is a key element of the Home BloodGlucose Monitoring (HBGM) device used by peoplewith diabetes mellitus. The measurements can betaken multiple times in a single day
简介：
Over 30.3 million Americans currently have diabetes and a further 1.5 million are estimated to be diagnosed every year. Diabetes remains the 7th leading cause of death in the U.S. For diabetics, managing blood glucose levels is extremely important to maintain their health as high levels of glucose in the blood for extended periods can be fatal. Current glucose monitoring methods are very invasive and can the limit physical activities of users. This thesis investigated using a low power optical system to noninvasively read blood glucose levels to determine if this is a feasible method for glucose detection. A low power system is key in this design as it would allow for a smaller, portable unit that average diabetics could use daily. This thesis showed there was a correlation between the optical system and a standard glucose meter.
简介：
This paper describes a non-invasive method for monitoring blood glucose levels of diabetic and non-diabetic peoples. A non-invasive method for glucose monitoring provides adequate control and greatly reduces the complications in diabetic patients; and consequently reduces the health care costs. Non-invasive method is advantageous as the possibilities of infections get reduced and even there is no pain of pricking the blood. The proposed method uses near infrared sensor for determination of blood glucose. Near-Infrared light is sent through the fingertip before and after blocking the blood flow. By analyzing the voltage variation received after transmission through fingertip, approximate glucose level is predicted. The obtained glucose level is further transmitted to the smart android app for further analysis and storage of the data.
简介：Wearable devices are receiving more and more attentions owing to their affordability, novel applications and convenient form factors. The market for wearable sensors is expected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 19.15% from 2019 to 2025 to reach $31.96 billion by 2025. most wearable devices today only measure physical or electrophysiological parameters such as motion, pressure, temperature, ECG, or EEG [1]. While these parameters may be useful for monitoring general wellbeing and a few specific diseases, acquiring a more comprehensive picture of underlying physiology via additional wearable sensors will provide significant value to a much wider range of users. Nowadays, wearable devices that are embedded in textiles or directly mounted on the human skin are trending in the field. These improvements necessitate us moving forward to investigate flexible and light instrumentation circuits as well as energy sources. This thesis shows some of the efforts towards the next genera1 tion of these wearable devices. On the other hands, the battery life time of the wearable sensor device is of the tremendous importance.
简介：
This application note shows a basic glucometer usingFreescale products to determine approximate concentration ofglucose in blood.
This glucometer can be implemented with K53microcontroller of the Kinetis family and with MCF51MMand S08MM128 MCUs, part of the Flexis MM family. Itincludes Freescale USB stack to show data through a graphicuser interface (GUI) in a PC.
This application note is for anyone with an interest inglucometers as a medical electronic application, such asbiomedical engineers, physicians, medical equipmentdevelopers, or someone out of those fields but with an interestin the operation of a glucometer.
简介：
Background: In 2014, an innovative blinded continuous glucose monitoring system was introduced with automated ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) reporting. The clinical use and interpretation of this new technology has not previously been described. Therefore we wanted to understand its use in characterizing key factors related to glycemic control: glucose exposure, variability, and stability, and risk of hypoglycemia in clinical practice. Methods: Clinicians representing affiliated diabetes centers throughout South Africa were trained and subsequently were given flash glucose monitoring readers and 2-week glucose sensors to use at their discretion. After patient use, sensor data were collected and uploaded for AGP reporting. Results: Complete data (sensor AGP with corresponding clinical information) were obtained for 50 patients with type 1 (70%) and type 2 diabetes (30%), irrespective of therapy. Aggregated analysis of AGP data comparing patients with type 1 versus type 2 diabetes, revealed that despite similar HbA1c values between both groups (8.4 ± 2 vs 8.6 ± 1.7%, respectively), those with type 2 diabetes had lower mean glucose levels (9.2 ± 3 vs 10.3 mmol/l [166 ± 54 vs 185 mg/dl]) and lower indices of glucose variability (3.0 ± 1.5 vs 5.0 ± 1.9 mmol/l [54 ± 27 vs 90 ± 34.2 mg/dl]). This highlights key areas for future focus. Conclusions: Using AGP, the characteristics of glucose exposure, variability, stability, and hypoglycemia risk and occurrence were obtained within a short time and with minimal provider and patient input. In a survey at the time of the follow-up visit, clinicians indicated that aggregated AGP data analysis provided important new clinical information and insights
简介：
This paper presents the design of a low-power CMOS current-frequency (I–F) Analog–Digital Converter.
The ADC is designed for implantable blood-glucose monitoring. This current frequency ADC uses nArange of input currents to set and compare voltage oscillations against a self-produced reference to resolve0–32nA with an accuracy of 5-bits at a 225MHz sampling rate. The comparator used is a dynamic latchcomparator and the output is fetched from a 5-bit counter. This is designed in 180nm CMOS technologywith a supply of 1.8V, it operating voltage taken here is 0.0- 1.8V with power consumption of 12.3nW usingCadence tools.
简介：
This paper investigates a possible method of measuring the Non Invasive Blood Glucose Concentration Level(NI-BGC), with the main objective of providing Preventive care against the onset of diabetes by frequent selfmonitoring. This paper rationalizes a method for NI-BGC through the use of Near Infrared Light (NIR) byemission from LASER and tries to find a relationship between absorbance of NIR by glucose. An apparatusbased on transilluminated LASER beam via the sensitive part of human finger is considered. This devicedepends upon atomic gas Helium-Neon (He-Ne) laser operating at a wavelength of 620-630 nm. Duringmeasurement the index finger is inserted into the sensing unit and the LASER light is passed through it, and thetransilluminated optical signal is detected by a photodiode and an equivalent electrical signal is obtained. Withthe help of look up table this electrical value is displayed in the form of direct blood sugar in mg/dL(milligram/deciliter).The result obtained shows a linear relationship of increase in glucose level as transmittedlight intensity level decreases.
简介：
Over 17 million individuals in the United States are affected with diabetes. While incurable,diabetes is manageable with proper monitoring. Currently, monitoring is performed through useof stand-alone blood glucose meters that allows a diabetic to monitor blood sugar levels on aperiodic basis; the meter readings are either recorded into a log book or uploaded via proprietarysoftware to a desktop computer. The purpose of this senior design project was to offer a newapproach to patient self-monitoring through the development of a diabetes management systemusing the Handspring Visor Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). The design consists of aSpringboard module containing blood glucose metering hardware and an accompanying softwarepackage that operates the module and allows for the storage and processing of data. Thefollowing sections outline the process followed by the senior design group in their developmentof the design.
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