Regularity is a feature, which can provide better guarantees that the layoutdesigned by a CAD tool is replicated in the fabrication. As the limits of themask-making system (finite aperture of projection) are reached with smallergeometries, the actual layout patterns on the wafer differ from that producedby a CAD tool. Although pre-distortion can be added to offset some of thereal distortions, the number of layout patterns generated by a conventionaldesign flow can make this task take an unreasonable amount of time andgenerate an enormous data set. Beyond what optimal pre-distortion could do,regular circuit and interconnection structures can reduce variations further.Another motivation for using regularity is the timing closure problem, whicharises because the design flow is sequential; early steps need to predict whatthe later steps will do. Inaccurate prediction leads to wrong decisions, whichcan only be discovered later, making design iteration necessary. Preventingsuch iterations is difficult, but use of regular structures, can make estimationmuch more accurate.The following developments have been made to implement a timingdrivenModule-Based chip design flow: (1) new regular circuit structures andtheir design methodologies, (2) a new integrated placement and routingalgorithm that simplifies the standard-cell physical design, (3) a new blocklevelplacement and routing algorithm with buffer insertion and (4) a multiversionapproach allowing each module to carry several versions that can beselected by the block-level physical design algorithm. Test results show thatthis design flow can reach timing closure much faster than the PhysicalSynthesis flow (represented by several commercial synthesis tools) andachieve shorter clock cycle times.
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